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 Since the adoption of the constitution in 1848, Switzerland has become a federal state with a federal structure, divided into three political layers: Confederation, cantons (26) and municipalities (3000).
The cantons have their own constitution, their own government, their own parliament and courts. Every canton is also responsible for the police force and has its own ministry of education.
Areas falling within the competence of the Confederation are foreign affairs, defense, social security, custom and postal service. The government of the confederation (executive) consists of 7 ministers of equal standing, chosen by the Federal Assembly (legislative).
The Federal President is one of the 7 ministers and is chosen by the parliament for a term of 1 year. He nevertheless does not dispose of more power than the other six ministers. The direct democracy allows the Swiss population not only to ask for a change in the constitution, but also to reject draft laws proposed by the parliament. Besides, the Initiative rights enable the citizens to suggest their own laws.
These co-determination possibilities, offered by the direct democracy, are unique in the whole world and provide satisfaction to the population and stability to the country.
Switzerland is a member of UN, EFTA, the Council of Europe, WTO, but not a member of the European Union. |
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